Solar sails for perturbation relief: Application to asteroids

A major cause of spacecraft orbital variation comes from natural perturbations, which, in close proximity of a body, are dominated by its non-spherical nature. For small bodies, such as asteroids, these effects can be considerable, given their uneven (and uncertain) mass distribution. Solar sail technology is proposed to reduce or eliminate the net secular effects of the irregular gravity field on the orbit. Initially, a sensitivity analysis will be carried out on the system which will show high sensitivity to changes in initial conditions. This presents a challenge for optimisation methods which require an initial guess of the solution. As such, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed as the preferred optimisation method as this requires no initial guess from the user. A multi-objective optimisation is performed which aims to achieve a periodic orbit whilst also minimising the effort required by the sail to do so. Given the system sensitivity, the control law for one orbit is not necessarily applicable for any subsequent orbit. Therefore, a new method of updating the control law for subsequent orbits is presented, based on linearisation and use of a Control Transition Matrix (CTM). The techniques will later find application in a multiple asteroid rendezvous mission with a solar sail as the primary propulsion system.     

基于成本控制的机队优化配置方法

为了控制航空公司运营成本,实现燃油成本和机组时间成本最小,建立多目标整数规划模型,分析各成本因素所占比例,考虑旅客市场需求、航线频率限制、机队飞机寿命限制及飞机适航限制等因素,并采用层次分析法对模型进行求解。通过算例分析和评价,实现航线资源与机队的最优配置,为航空公司降低可变成本提供理论依据。     

飞机数字化装配系统中机身交点孔加工方法研究

针对传统交点孔加工方法加工精度低且存在回弹变形的问题,设计了一种满足飞机大部件数字化装配要求的机身交点孔精加工方法,根据交点孔的加工特性完成了机身定位与固持、数控加工中心定位以及加工工艺的总体设计,确定了交点孔加工程序原点的计算方法和编程原则,最后通过交点孔试切加工试验验证了加工方法的可行性。     

展向离散抽吸法控制边界层转捩实验研究

通过实验成功发展了一种生成大振幅稳定条带的有效方法,即展向离散抽吸方法。在此基础上,开展条带控制边界层转捩的研究。实验在水洞中进行,以零压力梯度平板边界层为研究对象,利用氢气泡时间线法观测引入条带前后人工激发转捩边界层中扰动发展变化,分析条带对转捩的控制效果及参数影响。结果表明,展向离散抽吸方法生成的稳定条带最大振幅可达28.4%U（U为自由流速度）;实验中引入的宽度14和28mm的稳定条带都能起到抑制转捩的作用;条带振幅越大、宽度越窄,抑制效果越明显。研究结果为探索降低水/空气中航行器摩阻的新技术提供有价值的参考。     

带有引诱角色的多飞行器协同最优制导方法

考虑我方高价值飞行器面临对方拦截器拦截时,发射两枚防御器对拦截器进行拦截的情形。针对对方拦截器采用扩展比例导引律,在4个飞行器均具有一阶线性动力学特性假设下,基于最优控制理论设计了能在拦截末端施加相对拦截角的显式协同制导律。显式协同制导律将高价值飞行器和两枚防御器三者的协同考虑在内,给出了三者最优控制输入的解析解。仿真结果表明,设计的制导律能使两防御器成功拦截敌方拦截器,且在拦截末端施加一个相对拦截角。通过与只考虑两防御器协同的隐式协同制导律进行比较,可发现显式的协同制导律在控制要求和能量消耗上,要优于隐式的协同制导律。此外,还验证了在不同发射条件下的协同制导律的稳定性。     

变循环发动机过渡态性能直接模拟方法

为了实现多变量可调的变循环发动机（VCE）过渡态性能模拟和控制规律设计,在稳态逆算法和过渡态性能隐式格式计算方法的基础上开发了变循环发动机过渡态直接模拟方法。在稳态逆算法模型中加入容积效应和转子动力学方程,实现了同时给定加速率、涡轮前温度和压缩部件工作点的条件下直接模拟计算过渡态过程中变几何参数和燃油流量的调节规律,验证了方法的精度和可行性,并将该方法用于变循环发动机转模态性能模拟和控制规律设计。计算结果表明,过渡态直接模拟方法的误差在0.58%以内,超声速巡航状态下由单外涵模态转换到双外涵模态的时间约为1 s,海平面静止状态下双外涵转单外涵的时间约为3 s,且推力、转速、涡轮前温度、喘振裕度等参数过渡平稳。该方法可简化转模态控制规律设计流程,并提高设计精度。     

基于Kalman滤波的变体飞行器T-S模糊控制

针对变体飞行器的跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的T-S模糊控制方法。考虑飞行器系统状态不可测,引入惯导数据作为辅助信息,利用Kalman滤波算法融合飞控信息与惯导信息实现状态估计。由于变体飞行器在不同变形结构下气动特性变化较大,为便于控制器设计,采用小扰动线性化方法得到飞行器在不同平衡点处的局部线性模型,并通过状态反馈方法设计局部控制器,局部线性模型和局部控制器通过模糊集和模糊规则聚合成一个连续光滑的全局T-S模糊模型和T-S模糊控制器。通过综合Kalman滤波器与T-S模糊控制器得到一个基于Kalman滤波的T-S模糊控制器。仿真结果表明,该控制器在变形过程中能够实现状态估计,保证飞机的跟踪性能。     

横向矩形微槽对高超边界层失稳的控制作用

模拟了马赫数为6的空间发展平板边界层,通过在平板表面添加二维横向微槽研究了其对基本流及第二模态扰动波的影响。结果表明:所研究的二维微槽构形与常规多孔涂层相比具有较大的尺寸(100 μm以上),微槽对基本流的流向速度影响很小,空间采样点上的频谱并未出现新的不稳定模态。微槽有利于减小摩擦阻力,槽内流动导致的压差阻力比摩擦阻力低1~2个数量级,总阻力随着开槽率的增加而减小,当开槽率为06时,减阻效果超过40%。在入口以两种方式添加了第二模态扰动波,包括单个扰动和多个叠加扰动,下游的演化结果说明横向微槽能够在一个宽带频率范围内对第二模态的增长起到明显的抑制作用,且控制效果随着开槽率的增大而增强。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.